WHAT IS IT?
Nylon (polyamide, PA) is a family of engineering thermoplastics known for high strength, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and low friction. Two dominant commercial grades: PA6 and PA66. Both share similar end-use applications but differ in raw materials, production, and specific properties.

PA6 (Polyamide 6)
Monomer: Caprolactam (derived from cyclohexane → cyclohexanone → caprolactam)
Properties: Slightly lower melting point (220°C), higher moisture absorption, better impact resistance
Main producers: China (dominant), Germany (BASF), Belgium, USA

PA66 (Polyamide 66)
Monomers: Adipic acid + Hexamethylenediamine (HMD) → Nylon salt → polymerisation
Properties: Higher melting point (265°C), better rigidity and heat resistance
Main producers: Invista (USA), Ascend, Solvay, Radici (Italy)

KEY USES


Automotive (largest engineering plastic use):

→ Engine components: air intake manifolds, radiator tanks, cooling fans
→ Under-hood applications requiring heat resistance
→ Gears, bearings, bushings
Fibres and textiles: nylon carpet, sportswear, hosiery, ropes, webbing

Electrical connectors: high temperature components

Industrial: gears, pulleys, rollers, cable ties

Consumer goods: toothbrush bristles, fishing line, zippers

TRADE CORRIDORS


Major exporters: China (PA6 dominant), Germany (BASF — PA6 and PA66), USA (PA66)
Major buyers: Southeast Asia (automotive and fibre), China, Europe
Tetra relevance: Engineering plastic for regional manufacturing supply chains.

PRICING


Premium engineering plastic. OTC market assessed by ICIS and Platts. PA66 typically commands 20–40% premium over PA6 due to more complex raw material chain. Moves with caprolactam (PA6) and adipic acid/HMD (PA66) feedstock prices.

FORMS TRADED


Compounded pellets: ready for injection moulding

Glass-fibre reinforced: PA6-GF30 or PA66-GF33 (30–35% glass fibre) — most automotive grades

Uncompounded resin: for fibre spinning

Colour: natural (translucent), black, or custom compounded

nylon polyamide PA6 PA66 caprolactam adipic acid engineering plastic fibre automotive